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What is GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)?
GPRS full form (General Packet Radio Service) a packet-based communication service for mobile devices that allows data to be sent and received over a Mobile or Telephone network. GPRS is a step towards 3G and it is often referred to as 2.5G. Here are some key Benefits of GPRS:
What are the Benefits of GPRS Network?
Speed: GPRS packet-switched. Higher connection speeds are available at 56-11bps Kbps, massive improvement on the circuit-switched networks of 96 kbps.
The theoretical GPRS Speed of 171.2 kbps is included by mixing the standard GSM time slot. However, in a very short time, speeds of 20-50 Kbps are more realistic.
Always on Connectivity: GPRS is service always. For example, you do not need to dial on a Home PC. This feature is not unique to GPRS, but there is no doubt that there will be an important feature for the migration of 3G. It provides services immediately for a device.
New and improved applications: Due to its high-speed connection and always-on connectivity, GPRS enables full Internet applications and services like video conferencing directly on your desktop or mobile device. Users are able to detect the internet or their own corporate network as much as possible while using GSM. Existing applications do not require redevelopment.
GSM operator costs: GSM network providers do not have to start with scratch to deploy GPRS. GPRS is an upgrade to the existing network which sits alongside the GSM Network.
This makes it easy to deploy, the current GSM Network does not have very little or no downtime, while the implementation takes place, most of the updates are software, so that they can be remotely administered and this GSM provider will be able to access a relatively small level Allows adding value to your business Cost.
GSM Networks still provide voice and handle GPRS Network data, as this voice and data can be sent and received at the same time.
Simple GPRS Technical Architecture
As mentioned earlier, GPRS is not a completely separate network for GSM. Many devices like the base transceiver station and base transceiver station controller are still used.
Often devices are required to upgrade, this can be software, hardware or both. While deploying GPRS, many software changes can be made remotely.
Although there are two new functional elements that play a major role in How GPRS works. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). These 2 nodes are new in the network, if any other changes are small then no one.
Before explaining that these two new members of our network are important to ask how does the network differentiate between GSM (circuit) and GPRS (packet)?
In simple words, there are two separate networks working in parallel, GSM Network, and GPRS Network. There will be many BSC (base station controllers) in any GSM Network.
A unit of software and hardware upgrade is required when implementing GPRS. The hardware upgrade includes a packet control unit (PCU).
This additional piece of hardware separates fixed data for standard GSM Networks or fixed data for circuit-switched data and GPRS Network or packet-switched data.
In some cases, a PCU can be a separate unit.
Advanced BSc has a fast frame relay connection that directly connects to newly launched SGSN.
What is SGSN in GPRS?
For the GPRS support node or SGSN short, the service takes care of some important functions including routing, handover and IPO assignment.
SGSN has a logical connection to the GPRS device. As an example, if you were traveling in a car were traveling to M1 on a long journey and browsing the Internet on a GPRS device, you would pass through many different cells.
One task of SGSN is to ensure that there is no connection When you take your journey from cell to cell, it gets interrupted. SGSN works to "Root" the BSc through your connection.
If the user goes to a segment of the network that is managed by a separate SGSN, then it will make a handoff of the new SGSN, it is done very quickly and generally, the user will not notice that it has happened. Any packet loss during this process is withdrawn.
SGSN converts mobile data into IP and is connected to GGSN through tunneling protocol.
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node is the "last port of call" in GPRS network There is a connection between ISP or corporate network router. GGSN is basically a Gateway, router and Firewall rolled into one.
This user also confirms the details for the RADIUS server Security, which is usually located outside the IP network and GPRS network.
Connectivity between SGSN and GGSN
The connection between two GPRS support nodes is made of a protocol called GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP). GTP sits on top of TCP / IP and is responsible for the collection of Mediation and billing information. GPRS is billed on the basis of megabytes as opposed to GSM. is use Two GSN tools can be single units.
HLR
The HLR or Home Location Register is a database that has information about customers when the device connects to the network, their MSISDN number is linked to the services, account status Information, preferences, and sometimes IP addresses.
IP Addressing in GPRS
Allocating Addresses
There are 3 different ways in which an instrument can be assigned an IP address.
Fixed IP addressing:
Due to lack of IPv4 addresses (see below), fixed IP addresses are not widely used for mobile devices. This information is stored in HLR.
Dynamic IP addressing:
Another means of addressing is dynamic address. This is where a mobile device's own IP address is not stored in HLR. Instead, the IP address is assigned to the GGSN domain.
The third method is also a type of dynamic IP addressing in which an IP address is usually placed inside the IP network outside the mobile network by the RADIUS server when you dial ISP from your home PC.
How does the SGSN know which GGSN you have to direct?
A mobile device is programmed with one or more access point names, which are usually referred to as APN. The APN contains a fully qualified DNS name. https://www.thehacktech.in.
When the GPRS device wants to talk to the network of https://www.thehacktech.in, SGSN does a DNS lookup and fixes the name to the correct GGSN. You can have several APN programs on your phone, so you are not limited to any single service or GGSN.
IP version 6
This new version of IP fixes the unexpected IPv4 design problems arising due to the popularity of the Internet. In short, we are running out of the address.
IP version 4 is a 32-bit address that allows a maximum of 4 billion IP addresses. It is estimated that all addresses in IP4 will be terminated by 2005. Some say that this will happen soon - present millions of handheld devices, for which an IP address is required and nothing is left unchanged.
Such devices should have more addresses to actually enable the Internet. This is where the IP version 6 comes. Instead of a 32-bit address, the IP6 is 128 bit with the maximum number:
340.232.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.768.211.456
Possible IP addresses This amount of address space is sufficient for future development. At present, there are about 1 billion addresses for IPv4, but in particular, many manufacturers of mobile devices in Asia are themselves heavily involved in IPv6.
Its main reason is a fraction of the address assigned to places like Japan. Other places like America.
GPRS Handset Classes
GPRS tools are not as simple as you can think. The device actually has 3 different classes.
Class A: The terminals of class A have 2 transceivers which allow them to send/receive data and voice at the same time. This class of device takes full advantage of GPRS and GSM. You are taking a call at the same time and are getting the data.
Class B: Class B devices can send/receive data or voice but not both at the same time. Generally, if you are using GPRS and you receive a voice call, you will get the option to answer or move the call.
Class C: This device only allows a device of connectivity. An example would be a GPRS PCMCIA card in a laptop.
GPRS QoS
Just because GPRS uses several components of a standard GSM network, it would be wrong to assume that similar standards should be implemented.
Among the things to be taken into consideration include providing general network architecture, radio interfaces, and throughput. Here are some The key elements are explained briefly.
Network Architecture
The provider network needs to be upgraded. As mentioned earlier, GSN standards are new to standard GSM networks. If GPRS is to meet customers' expectations then the performance of the network will be important.
Radio Interface
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) has defined 3 new coding schemes for radio interfaces. When the GPRS device speaks to the base station, then they can use 1 out of 4 schemes. Schemes are through CS-1 CS-3 where CS-1 is similar to standard GSM.
In simple words, CS-1 is extremely nonsensical, but because of its slowness, 2 and 3 have redundancy, while at least 4 - removing all forward error control - but capable of maximum throughput. If radio quality is bad, then coding scheme 1 is used because the quality of error control is less when there is an improvement in quality.
GPRS Services Classes
Mobile devices can request prioritizing different types of traffic in an attempt to give the user the desired connectivity level. There are 4 types of classes:
Precedence Class: An application can be assigned to a priority class 1, 2 or 3. If there is more precedence (1) than any other (3) in any application then its traffic will be given higher priority.
Delay Class: Applications can request anticipated delayed classes, which guarantee average and 95-percent delay. There are 4 squares, 1 is the fastest.
Reliability Class: The application can request different levels of reliability for its data based on its tolerance for data loss.
Throughput Class: You can choose different profiles for application throughput. There are 2 differences in squares, peak and mean Peak Throughput Class is mainly used for icy broadcast with a variable in the octet, which describes the required throughput to break the specified size.
Average data transfer rate in the average period measured in the average octet per hour.
Other factors can affect QoS. The quality of the radio, the basic LAN / vans and the rush of the Internet, the fault on GSM and GPRS network, etc.
Problems with GPRS
Although GPRS has many benefits there are some problems. By the end of last year, the speed of connection runs poorly on some networks running at around 12Kbps, which is far from expected. Although this year there are not many problems, perhaps due to the fact that operators are improving due to trial and error. GPRS is after the very new technology.
Another problem that sometimes appears is the customer's expectations.
Many companies have applications running 10 megabytes of LAN and they expect similar performance from their GPRS devices.
Although the speed of connection is very good these days, it is still not as fast as ISDN or local area network.
To some extent, operators blamed themselves for this, because in the past their marketing has been done to promote the pace of marketing 2.5 and 3G. Today, they are working hard to reduce the expectations in this regard.
Due to latency problems for GPRS tools, prior problems with things like sending a mail server are largely eroded through optimization programs.
People running Citrix Thin Client have also had problems with latency, although some Thin Client Forums suggest that Citrix is addressing the problem.
Deployment on some networks is slow. Is still a major UK network provider who does not provide the service.
GPRS Roaming has not yet been implemented on many networks in many countries.
This is where a user can use GPRS service from any network operator. At present your GSM Mobile will work, but GPRS will not work at all.
Access by third-party application providers The providers is having a lot of difficulties getting the APN to offer their GPRS Services.
This limits the services provided by the GPRS Operator to some extent.
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