What is Computer Programming Language?

What is Computer Programming?

Computer Characteristics

• The computer is used to broadcast, store and manipulate information ie data 

Data type:

1. Numerical Data
2. Character Data
3. Graphics Data
4. Sound

• In order to process a particular set of data, the computer must be given a suitable set of instructions called Program.

what is the Program

• A computer program is a sequence of instructions (written in a special sequence in the computer-related language) which is executed by a CPU.
• Machine Code or Machine Language

Machine Language Instruction

A computer machine can interpret and execute a set of instructions coded to language instructions.

Operation Code           Memory Location

1.           0110                  10001110
2.           111                    10001111
3.           1000                  01110001

• Load from memory location (0110) 10001110 in a CPU register
• Add 10001111 content (0111) to the value of the register
• The result which is in the register is to copy (1000) in the location of memory 01110001.

Problems with Machine Language Coding

• Very cumbersome to work: Hundreds of thousands of locations in more than 100 different machine instruction codes and memory.
• Different types of computers have their own unique instructions set: Operation codes differ from one machine to another
• A machine language program written for one type of computer cannot be played on any other type of computer without significant changes. 
• Rewrite the program for different machines.

Note: Computer programs should be written in high-level programming languages which are independent of machine language.

High-Level Language

• One instruction in a high-level language is equivalent to many machine language instructions.
• Simplicity - The instruction set is more compatible with human language.
• Uniformity and portability - A program written for a computer can usually be run on many different computers with little or no change.
• General Purpose Language - C, Pascal, Fortran, and Basic. 
• Special Purpose Language - CSMP, SIMAN: Simulation Language - LISP: List processing language, widely used for AI.

Compilation or Interpretation

• Compiler: - Before executing any instruction, translate the whole program into machine language.
• Interpreter: - The procedure through a program by translating and executing single instructions or small group instructions
• The complainant/interpreter is a computer program in its own right. It accepts a program in the form of input like C in a high-level language and generates a related machine language program as the output.
• A high-level program is called the source program
• The resultant machine language program is called an object program.
• Each computer's fruit has its own compiler or interpreter for a particular high-level language.

Computer Language

Computer Algorithm

• The basic knowledge needed to solve problems using a computer.
• Definition: - A finite sequence of instructions to solve the given problem.
• The instruction should be written invaluable signage, interpreted and executed by a computing machine, which is called computer programming
• Signaling is called a computer programming language.
• Programming Language - Artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of the computer - is defined by the syntactic and semantic rules that describe their structure and meaning respectively.
• Example: Different syntax (languages), but results in the same semantics:

--  x + = y; (C, Java, etc.)
--  x: = x + y; (Pascal)
--  x = x + y; (Initial basic)
--  x = x + y (most basic bids, Fortran)

Developing Algorithms

• Flow chart - Graphically shows the sequence in which the instructions are performed in an algorithm.

Pick the largest of three nos

Flow Chart

Convention

• The parallelogram is used to represent the input/output.
• The rectangular is used to indicate any processing operation such as storage and arithmetic.
• The diamond-shaped box is used to test the queries or situations being asked. 
• - Round rectangles with rounded ends are used to indicate beginning or endpoints. 
• - The circle is used to connect the different parts of the flow chart, which is called the connector. 
• - Arrow indicates the direction to be followed in the flow chart.

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